Pleistocene Ice Ages conjure up notions of intense cold, massive glaciers, and an endless wilderness hosting a large and diverse community of animals. Most people understand that it was a very different world. Yet, if a layman were to go tens of thousands of years back in time, the landscapes they would encounter would not […]
See the forests in the pictures above? They are located in the Sikhote-Alin mountains in the Russian Far East. While undoubtedly scenic, a person not familiar with biodiversity in this part of the world may not understand what is so special about them. After all, they more or less just resemble forests in much of
Welcome to part 2 of this series on Late Pleistocene American extinctions. In Part 1, we introduced the debate regarding the Late Pleistocene extinctions in the Americas and thoroughly explained why humans were not simply a factor, but the main factor in the demise of megafauna. In this section, we will explore the evidence for
There are few places on the planet as distinctive as Australia. With its isolated geographical location and iconic landscapes, it captures the imagination of people the world over. Picturesque red deserts, glistening beaches, and Eucalyptus woodlands may provide its most characteristic scenery, but arcane rainforests, snow-covered mountains, and much more can be found on the
Imagine that it’s 30,000 years ago in a tropical savannah. A grove of palm trees lines a river nearby. What appears to be an elephant is bathing in the water while a crocodile is laying on the river bank, basking in the warm sun…
The world was a very different place during the height of last ice age-known as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)-with very different climates, landscapes, and floral and faunal distributions compared to our current epoch, the Holocene. The exact chronology of this period varies according to the source but it is generally considered to be the
One of the most contentious debates in all of archeology is when and how the Americas were first settled. For a while, it was claimed that the first people in the Americas were the “Clovis”. They were a group of big-game hunters with distinctive hunting tools that allegedly bypassed formidable glaciers through an inland ice-free
If you’re well-versed in Pleistocene ecology, you’ve almost certainly heard about the steppe-tundra, also known as the mammoth steppe. During the Last Glacial Period, this biome covered vast parts of three continents: Europe, Asia, and North America. The name “steppe-tundra” refers to the fact that it contained a unique mixture of steppe and tundra species,